Old places - their new names

1. Pune -  Poona
2. Patna -  Pataliputra
3. Kochi -  Cochin 
4. Bengaluru -  Bangalore
5. Vijayawada -  Bezwada 
6. Kozhikode -  Calicut 
7. Kanpur -  Cawnpore 
8. Vadodara -  Baroda 
9. Panaji -  Panjim
10. Mumbai - Bombay 
11. Kolkata - Calcutta 
12. Chennai - Madras 
13. Thiruvananthapuram - Trivandrum
14. Varanasi -  Banaras

Famous books and their authors

1. Mahabharata - Veda vyas 
2. Ramayana - Valmiki 
3. Guitar Govind - Jaidev
4. Illiad - Homer
5. Rubaiyat - Omar Khayyam
6. Panchatantra - Visual Sharma
7. Arthashastra - Chanakya
8. Canterbury Tales - Chaucer 
9. Rajtarangini - Kalhana
10. The Republic - Plato 
11. Guru Granth Sahid - Guru Nanak
12. Raghuvansham - Kalidas 
13. Diwan-e-Ghalib - Mirza Ghalib
14. ShahNama -  Firdausi 
15. Ain-i-Akbari - Abdul Fazal 

Stadiums located in Indian cities

1. Talkatora  stadium - Delhi 
2. Jawarharlal Nehru stadium - Delhi 
3. National stadium - Delhi 
4. Salt Lake stadium -  Kolkata 
5. Green Park Maidan - Kanpur 
6. Indira Gandhi Indoor stadium - Delhi 
7. Wankhede stadium - Mumbai 
8. Yadvindra stadium -  Patiala 
9. Eden Gardens - Kolkata 
10. Barabati stadium - Cuttack
11. Chepauk  stadium -  Chennai 
12. Feroz shah koala grounds - Delhi 

Famous Mathematicians

(1) Srinivasa Ramanujan (Indian)@1887-1920 - Genius of Number theory. 

(2) P.C.Mahalanobis (Indian)@1893-1972 - Father of Indian Statistics. 
(3) Euclid (Greece) @365BC - Greek philosopher introduced geometry know as Euclidean  geometry. 

(4) Dattathreya Ramachandra kaprekar (Indian) @1905-1986AD - Generated demlo numbers and self number. 

(5) George polya @1887-1985 - Maintained the skill of problem solving can be taught. 
(6) John Napier (Scotland) @1550-1617AD - Found logarithms and Systems of decimal fraction. 
(7) Aryabhata (Indian) @475-550AD - First mathematician who used algebraic expressions. 
(8) Dr. C.R.Rao (Indian) @1920AD - Well known statistician famous for his "Theory of estimation". 

#First CM of Indian States

Andhra pradesh - Tanguturi prakasham pantulu (@1953-1954)

Andhra pradesh (separated) - N. Chandrababu Naidu (@2014---)

Assam - Gopinath Bordoloi (@1947-1950)

Arunachal pradesh - Prem khandu thungam (@1975-1979)

Chatishgarh - Aijith jogi (@2000-2003)

Delhi - Chandhary Brahm prakash (@1952-1955)

Goa - Dayananda Bandodkar (@1963-1966)

Gujarath - Jivraj Narayan mehta -(@1960-1963)

Himachal pradesh - Yashwant Singh palmar (@1952-1956)

Haryana - Pondit Bhagwat dayal sharma (@1966-1977)

Jharkhand - Babu lal marandi (@2000-2003) 

Jammu and Kashmir - Gulam Mohammed sadiq (@1965-1971)

Kerala - E. M. S. Namboodiripad (@1957-1959)

Karnataka - K. Chengalaraya Reddy (@1947-1952)

Madhya pradesh - Ravishankar shukla (@Nov1956-Dec1956)

Maharashtra - Yashwanth rao chavan (@1960-1962)

Mumbai - B. G. Kher (@1947-1952)

Megalaya - Williamson A. Sangma(@1970-1972)

Manipur - Maivembam koireng Singh (@1963-1967)

Mizoram - Ch.Chunga (@1972-1977)

Nagaland - P.Shilu AO (@1963-1966)

Odisha - Harekrushna mahatab (@1946-1950)

Punjab - Gopi chand Bhargava (@1947-1949)

Panjab (after division) - Giani Gurmukh Singh musaffir (@1966-1977)

Rajasthan - Heeralal shastri (@1949-1951)

Sikkim - Kazi Lhendup Dorjee (@1975-1979)

Tamilnadu - O. P. Ramaswamy Reddiyar (@1947-1949)

Tripura - Sachindra lal Singh (@1963-1971)

Uttarakhand - Nityanand swami (@2000-2001)

Uttar pradesh - Govind Ballabh Pant (@1950-1954)

West Bengal - Prafulla chandra gosh (@1947-1948)

How the word "vaccination" has come in to usage?

VACCINATION :

Vaccination 

    Traditional Indian and Chinese medicinal systems hoped to induce a mild form of smallpox that would create resistance against the disease.
    Two centuries ago, an English physician named Edward Jenner, realised that milkmaids who had cowpox didn't catch smallpox even during epidemics, cowpox is a very mild disease.
    Jenner tried deliberately giving cowpox to people and found that they were now resistant to smallpox, because the smallpox virus is closely related to the cowpox virus.
    'Cow' is 'Vacca' in Latin and cowpox is "vaccina". From these roots the word "Vaccination"  has come in to our usage.

Nobel prize for Physiology and medicine in 2005

Nobel prize for Physiology and medicine in 2005 (Peptic ulcers) :

Peptic ulcers :  Acidity related pain and bleeding in the stomach and duodenum two Australians made a discovery that a bacterium, Helicobacter pylori, was responsible for peptic ulcers.

Robin Warner (born 1937) a pathologist from Perth Australia saw these small curved bacteria in the lower part of the stomach in many patients and noticed that signs of inflammation were always present around these bacteria.

Berry Marshall (born 1951) became interested in Warren's findings and succeeded in cultivating the bacteria from these sources.

Marshall and Warren showed that patients could be cured of peptic ulcers only when the bacteria were killed off from the stomach by a short period of treatment with antibiotics.

For this achievement, Marshall and Warren received the Nobel prize for Physiology and medicine in 2005.

# Indian states/major languages

Here is Indian States and Major Languages :-

1) Andhra pradesh / Telugu 
2) Arunachal pradesh / Bengali  
3) Assam / Assamese
4) Bihar / Hindi 
5) Chattisgarh / Hindi 
6) Gujarat / Gujarati 
7) Goa / Konkani 
8) Himachal pradesh / Hindi 
9) Haryana / Hindi 
10) Jarrkhand / Hindi 
11) Jammu and kashmir / Kashmiri
12) Karnataka / Kannada
13) Kerala / Malayalam 
14) Maharastra / Marati 
15) Madhya pradesh / Hindi 
16) Manipur / Manipuri 
17) Mizoram / Bengali 
18) Meghalaya / Bengali 
19) Nagaland / Bengali 
20) Odisha(Orisha) / Oriya
21) Punjab / Punjabi 
22) Rajasthan / Hindi 
23) Sikkim / Nepali 
24) Telangana / Telugu 
25) Tamilnadu / Tamil 
26) Tripura / Bengali 
27) Uttarakhand / Hindi 
28) Uttar pradesh / Hindi 
29) West Bengal / Bengali

Indian states/capitals

In India total 29 States 

1. Assam = Dispur 
2. Arunachal pradesh = Itanagar 
3. Andhra pradesh = Amaravathi 
4. Bihar = Patna 
5. Chattisgarh = Raipur 
6. Goa = Panaji 
7. Gujarat = Gandhi Nagar 
8. Himachal pradesh = Shimla
9. Haryana = Chandigarh 
10. Jarrkhand = Ranchi 
11. Jammu and kashmir = Srinagar (Summer) Jammu (Winter) 
12. Karnataka = Bengaluru 
13. Kerala = Thiruvananthpuram 
14. Maharastra = Mumbai 
15. Madhyapradesh = Bhopal 
16. Manipur = Imphal 
17. Mizoram = Aizwal 
18. Meghalaya = Shillong
19. Nagaland = Kohima
20. Odisha = Bhubaneshwar 
21. Punjab = Chandigarh
22. Rajasthan = Jaipur 
23. Sikkim = Gangtok 
24. Telangana = Hyderabad 
25. Tamilnadu = Chennai 
26. Tripura = Agartala 
27. Uttarakhand = Dehradun 
28. Uttar pradesh = Lucknow 
29. West bengal = Kolkata 

Great INDIAN Festivals

INDIAN FESTIVALS: 

January 5th - Guru Gobind Singh Jayanthi
January 13th - Lohri
January 14th - Makar Sankranthi 
January 15th - Pongal 
January 22nd - Giaravahin Sharif
February 1st - Vasant Panchami 
February 9th - Thaipusam 
February 25th - Maha Shivarathri 
February 27th - Losar
March 12th - Holika Dahan 
March 13th - Holi, Holla Mohalla 
March 28th - Ugadi  / Telugu New year 
March 30th - Gangaur Festival 
April 5th - Ram Navami 
April 9th - Mahavir Jayanthi
April 11th - Hanuman Jayanthi 
April 14th - Good Friday 
April 16th - Easter 
May 5th - Shab-e-Barat 
May 10th - Buddha Purnima 
June  23rd - Jamat-Ul-Vida
June 25th - Rath  Yatra 
June 26th - Id-Ul-Fitr (Ramzan Eid) 
July 3rd - Hemis Gompa 
July 9th - Guru Purnima 
August 7th - Raksha Bandan 
August 14th - Janmashtami 
August 18th - Paryushan
August 25th - Ganesh Chathurthi 
August 29th - Kumar mela
September 2nd - Bakrid / Eid-Ul-Adha 
September 4th - Onam 
September 5th - Pitv Paksh / Ullambana 
September 8th - Ramlila 
September 20th - Muharram 
September 21st - Navratra 
September 22nd - Brahmostavam 
September 27th - Sodal  Mela
September 30th - Dussehra 
October 5th - Maharishi 
October 8th - Rambarat / Karva Chauth 
October 9th - Guru Nanak Jayanthi 
October 17th - Dhanteras 
October 19th - Diwali 
October 20th - Govardhan Puja 
October 21st - Bhai Dooj 
November 3rd - Deep Diwali 
December 2nd - Milad-Un-Nabi 
December 11th - Barawatat 
December 25th - Christmas 

PHOBIAS

Fear of Phobia :

Alcohol                  :  Potophobia
Amphibians          :  Batrachophobia
Animals                 :  Zoophobia
Ants                        :  Myrmecophobia
Anything new      :  Neophobia

Being forgotten      :  Athazagoraphobia
Being dirty              :  Automysophobia
Being alone             :  Autophobia
Beautiful woman   :  Coligynephobia
Being ridiculed       :  Catagelopbobia
Bicycles                    :  Cyclophobia
Blushing                   :  Ereuthrophobia
Being touched         :  Haptephobia
Being robbed           :  Harpaxophobia
Blood                         :  Haemophobia
Burns or beggars    :  Hobophobia
Being started at       :  Opthalmophobia
Birds                          :  Ornithophobia
Bald people              :  Peladophobia
Becoming bald        :  Phalacrophobia
Beards                       :  Pogonophobia
Bad men, burglars  :  Scelerophobia
Being buried alive  :  Taphephobia
Bulls                           :  Taurophobia
Bullets                       :  Ballistophobia

Cats                           :  Ailurophobia
Cancer                      :  Carcinophobia
Cold                           :  Cheimaphobia
Colours                     :  Chromatophobia
Clocks                       :  Chronementrophobia
Confined spaces     :  Claustrophobia
Computers               :  Cyberphobia
Crowds                     :  Demophobia
Crossingstreets       :  Dromophobis
Crossing bridges    :  Gephysrophobia
Childbirth                :  Lockiophobia
Cooking                    :  Mageirocophobia
Changes                   :  Metathesiophobia
Colour purple         :  Porphyrophobia
Clothing                   :  Vestiphobia
Corpses                    :  Necrophobia

Darkness       :  Achluophobia
Depth             :  Bathophobia
Dancing         :  Chorophobia
Demons         :  Dacmonophobia
Drinking       :  Dipsophobia
Deformity     :  Dysmorphophobia
Dolls               :  Pediophobis
Drugs             :  Pharmacophobia
Dirt                 :  Mysophobia
Disease          :  Nosophobia
Dogs               :  Cynophobia
Dreams          :  Oneirophobia

Electricity        :  Electrophobia
Erect penis      :  Medorthophobia
Eyes                  :  Ommetophobia
Everything      :  Pantophobia

Flowers      :  Anthrophobia
Floods         :  Antlophobia
Failure        :  Atychiphobia
Flying          :  Ariophobia
Food            :  Cibophobia
Fever           :  Febriphobia
Fog               :  Homichlophobia
Frogs           :  Ranidaphobia
Fear             :  Phobophobia
Fire              :  Pyrophobia
Foreigners  :  Xenophobia
Forest           :  Hylophobia

Going to school          :  Didaskaleinophobia
Growing old               :  Gerascophobia
Going to the Doctor  :  Latrophobia
Gaining weight          :  Obes phobia
Ghost                           :  Phasmophobia
Getting wrinkles       :  Rhytiphobia
Germs                         :  Spermatophobia
God                              :  Zeusophobia

Heights     :  Altophobia
Hair           :  Trichopathophobia
Houses      :  Domatophobia
Home        :  Oikophobia
Hell           :  Stygiophobia
Horses      :  Hippophobia
Hospitals  :  Nosocomephobia
Heredity   :  Patroiophobia
Heat          :  Thermophobia

Infinity            :  Apeirophobia
Imperfection  :  Atelophobia
Insanity           :  Dementophobia
Insects             :  Entomophobia
Ideas                :  Ideophobia
Injury              :  Traumatophobia
Ice                    :  Cryophobia
Idleness          :  Thassophobia

Jumping  :  Catapedaphobia
Japanese :  Japanophobia
Jews         :  Judeophobia
Jealousy  :  Zelophobia

Laughter                    :  Geliophobia
Leprosy                      :  Leprophobia
Lakes                          :  Limnophobia
Long waits                 :  Macrophobia
Love play                   :  Malaxophobia
Losing  an erection  :  Medomalacuphobia
Learning                    :  Sophophobia
Lighting                     :  Astrapophobia
Loneliness                 :  Autophobia

Men                         :  Androphobia
Money                     :  Chrematophobia
Making decisions  :  Decidophobia
Marriage                 :  Gametohobia
Menstruation         :  Monophobia
Mice                         :  Musophobia
Many things           :  Polyphobia
Mirror                     :  Eisoptrophobia
Mobs                        :  Ochlophobia

Noise                  :  Acousticophobia
Needles              :  Aichmophobia
Novelty              :  Cainotophobia
Nudity                :  Gymnophobia
Narrow places  :  Stenophobia
Night                   :  Nictophobia

Open spaces  :  Agoraphobia
Opinions        :  Allodoxaphobia
Old people     :  Gerontophobia

Pins                    :  Balenephobia
Prostitutes        :  Cyprianophobia
Property            :  Orthophobia
Poverty              :  Peniaphobia
Progress             :  Prosophobia
Parents in-law  :  Soceraphobia
Pleasure             :  Hedonophobia
People                :  Anthropophobia
Priests                :  Hierophobia

Riding                  :  Amaxophobia
Reptiles                :  Herpetophobia
Road travel          :  Hodophobia
Responsibility     :  Hypengyophobia
Rooms                   :  Koinoniphobia
Returning home  :  Nostophobia
Rivers                    :  Harpaxophobia
Relatives               :  Syngenesophobia
Rape                      :  Virginitiphobia
Robbers                :  Thalassophobia
Rail travel            :  Siderodromophobia

Telangana Budget - 2017

     Telangana Finance minister Sri. Etala Rajender Presented the fourth Budget of the Telangana State Highlights:-

* Total Budget size is Rs 149646 crore. 

* Estimated committed expenditure is of Rs 61607.20 crore. 

* The Revised estimate of 2016-2017 budget expenditure was 86.02% Rs 112191. 07 crore. 

* Information Technology department gets Rs.252.86 crore in the budget. 

* Revenue surplus is of Rs 4571.30 crore and fisical deficit of Rs 26096.31 crore. 

* Expenditure in schemes pegged at Rs 88038.80 crore. 

* Mission Bhagiratha, the piped drinking water programme gets Rs. 3000 crore. 

* Revenue expenditure pegged at Rs. 50954.61 crore. 

* Urbon infrastructure development to rely on 'extra budgetary resources'. 

* Agriculture and allied sectors to get Rs 46946.98 crore. 

* 19.61 % growth rate achieved. 

* Rs 4000 crore set aside towords payment of fourth and final installment to banks towards the Rs 17000  crore farm loan weiver scheme. 

* Rs 300 crore allocated for Warangal municipal corporation.  Warangal is the second biggest city in Telangana after Hyderabad. 

* Backward classes welfare to benefit Fishermen and Shepherd communities. 

* SC, ST Welfare funds unspent to be carried forward to this year's budget. Founds for SC, ST Welfare based on population ratio. 

* Rs 1000 crore allocated for Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation. 

* Irrigation Continues to be priority area for the state. To get Rs 25000 crore this year too. 

* Finance Minister says rural economy is the FOCUS. 

===================%=================

Do You Know New Ministers Educational Qualifications?

2017- New Ministers  Educational Qualifications

# Suresh Prabhu = Chartered Accountent. 

# Satpal Singh = MSC, MPhil, Chemistry, MBA, PhD and IPS-Former Mumbai Police Commissinor.  

# R K Singh = IAS-25 Years experience and Served as Home Secretary. 

# Nirmala Sitharaman = BA, MA Economic, MPhil, PhD Economic, Worked in PWC and BBC. 

# Piyush Goyal = All India 2nd Topper in Chartered Accountent Course, 2nd Topper LLB in  Mumbai University, Served on board of SBI and Bank of Baroda. 

# Alphons Kannan thanam = MA Economic, LLB, IT'S. 

# Hardeep Puri = Post Graduate, IFS with Over 30 years of Experience and Worked as Indian Representative to UN. 

Oscar Awards - 2017

OSCARS - 2017 WINNERS  
                

     The 89th Academy Awards in Los Angeles, USA. 

1. Best Picture - Moonlight by Adele Romanski, Dede Gardner and Jeremy Kleiner.  
2. Best Director - Damien Chazelle for"La La Land". 
3. Best Actress in a Leading Role - Emma Stone for "La La Land".  
4. Best Actor in a Leading Role - Casey Affleck for Manchester by the Sea.  
5. Best Original Screen Play - Kenneth Lonergan for Manchester by the sea.  
6. Best Adapted Screenplay - Barry Jenkins and Tavell Alvin Mccraney for "Moon Light". 
7. Best Original Song - 'City of Stars' from La La Land by Justin Hurwitz, Benj pasek and justin Paul.  
8. Best Original Score - Justin Hurwitz for La La Land. 
9. Best Cinematography - Linus Sandgren for 'La La Land'.  
10. Best Documentary Short - "The white Helmets" by Orlando von Einsiedel and Joanna Natasehara.  
11. Best Live Action Shart - 'Sing' by Kristof Deak and Anna Udvardy. 
12. Best Film Editing - John Gilbert for "Hacksaw Ride". 
13. Best Visual Effects - Robert Legato, Adam valdez, Andrew R Jones and Dan Lemmon for "The Jungle Book". 
14. Best Production Design - David wasco and Sandy Reynolds, Wasco for 'La La Land'. 
15. Best Animated Short - "Piper" by Alan Barillaro and Makc Sondheimer. 
16. Best Animated Feature - 'Zootopia' by Byron Howard, Rich Moore and Clark Spencer. 
17. Best Documentary Feature - Ezra Edelman Caroline waterlow for OJ. Made in America. 
18. Best Sound Editing - Sylvian Bellemare for Arrival. 
19. Best Sound Mixing - Kevin 'O' Connel, Andy Wright, Robert Mackenzie and Peter Grace for "Hacksaw Ridge". 
20. Best Foreign Language Film - "The Sales Man" by Asghar Farhadi. 
21. Best Actress in a Supporting Role - Viola Davis for "Fences". 

#New Central Ministers of India - 2017

1. Suresh Prabhu - (Commerce and Industry)
2. Dharmendra Pradhan  - (Petroleum and Natural gas, skill development and Entrepreneurship)
3. Piyush Goyal - (Railway, Coal)
4. Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi - (Minority Affairs)
5. Hardeep Singh Puri  - (Housing, Urban Affairs)
6. Alphons Kannanthanam - (Tourism, Electronics and Information Technology)
7. Ashwini Kumar Choubey - (Health and Family welfare)
8. Dr. Satyapal Singh - (Human Resources Development, water Resources, River Development)
9. Dr. Virendra Kumar - (Women and Child Development, Minority Affairs)
10. Gajendra Singh Shekhawat - (Agriculture and Farmers Welfare)
11. Shiv Pratap Shukla - (Finance)
12. Ananth Kumar - (Chemicals and Fertilizers, Parliamentary Affairs)
13. Raj Nath Singh - (Home Affairs)
14. Sushma Swaraj - (External Affairs)
15. Ramvilas Paswan - (Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution)
16. Ravi Shankar Prasad - (Law and Justice Electronics)
17. Chaudhary Birender Singh - (Steel)
18. Ashok Gajapathi Raju Pusapati - (Civil Aviation)
19. Thaawar Chand Gehlot - (Social Justice and Empowerment)
20. Dr. Harsh Vardhan - (Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Environment, Forest and Climate Change)
21. Smriti Zubin Irani - (Textiles, Information and Broad casting)
22. Jual Oram - (Tribal Affairs)
23. Arun Jaitley - (Finance Corporate Affairs)
24. Uma Bharati - (Drinking Water and Sanitation) 

#2017 Sports Awards

DHRONA CHARYA AWARDS

1. R. Gandhi (Athletics)

2. Heeranand kataria (Kabaddi) 

3. P.A.Raffel (Hockey)

4. Brig Bhushan  Mahanthi (Boxing) 

5. Sanjay Chakravarthi (Shooting) 

6. Roshan lal (Wrestling) 

7. G.S.S.V.Prasad (Badminton)  

DHYAN CHANDH AWARDS 

1. Bhupinder Singh (Athletics) 

2. Samurai Thethe (Hockey) 

3. Sayeed Shahid Hakeem (Football) 

RAJEEV KHELRATNA AWARDS

1. Sardhaar Singh (Hockey) 

2. Devender Jakarta (Para athlete) 

ARJUNA AWARDS 

1. V. Jyothi Surekha (Archery ) 

2. Defender Singh (Boxing) 

3. Sathyavrath Kadian (Wrestling) 

4. Prashanthi Singh (Basket ball) 

5. Zasweer Singh (kabaddi) 

6. A. Amalraj (Table tennis) 

7. S.V.Suneel (Hockey) 

8. O.B.Devi (Football) 

9. Saketh Mineni (Tennis) 

10. P. N. Parkas (Shooting) 

11. Aeolian Rajeev (Athletics) 

12. Varindar Singh Bhatia (Para athlete)  

13. Mariyappan (Para athlete) 

14. Khusbhir Kaur (Athletics) 

15. Harmanpreet Kaur (Cricket) 

16. Cheteshwar Pujara (Cricket) 

17. S. S. P. Charisma (Golf)